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Presenting data is not simply a technical task. The way information is visualised directly influences how readers interpret it.
Many reports include charts that technically display the data but do not help the reader understand it. A poorly chosen chart can make information appear confusing or misleading even when the underlying data is correct.
Selecting the right chart requires understanding the message you want to communicate before deciding on the visual format.
Start with the question your data should answer
Every chart should respond to a clear question. Before choosing a visual format, ask what the reader needs to understand.
For example:
- Are you comparing values between categories
- Are you showing change over time
- Are you explaining proportions
- Are you describing a process or relationship
Once the purpose is defined, the appropriate visual structure becomes easier to identify.
Use bar charts for comparisons
Bar charts are one of the most effective ways to compare categories. They are particularly useful when readers need to see differences between several values.
For example:
- comparing funding levels between programmes
- analysing survey results across groups
- presenting performance indicators
Bar charts work well because readers can quickly compare lengths and identify differences without effort.
Use pie charts carefully
Pie charts are often overused. They are helpful when showing simple proportions, especially when the number of categories is small. However, they become difficult to read when too many segments are included.
In many cases a bar chart communicates the same information more clearly.
Maintain consistency across reports
When organisations publish multiple reports, using consistent chart styles improves readability.
Readers quickly become familiar with:
- colour systems
- typographic structure
- chart formats
This consistency makes future publications easier to navigate and strengthens the organisation’s visual identity.
If your organisation regularly publishes research outputs or reports, structured data visualisation can be integrated into a broader design system. You can explore our services.
Use line charts to show trends
Line charts are ideal when the goal is to show change over time. They allow readers to understand patterns such as growth, decline or fluctuations. Typical examples include:
- yearly financial performance
- progress indicators in EU projects
- long term research data
A clear line chart can reveal trends immediately, whereas tables require readers to interpret each value individually.
Use diagrams to explain processes
Not all information fits into numerical charts.
Processes, workflows and relationships often require diagrams instead. These visuals can illustrate steps, interactions or structures that would otherwise require long paragraphs of explanation.
This approach is common in research reports and EU-funded project publications.
If you want to explore how visual communication helps organisations explain complex information, you can read more about graphic design in Brussels.
Keep visual design simple
Charts should highlight the data rather than compete with it. Common mistakes include:
- excessive colours
- decorative effects
- complex backgrounds
- inconsistent scales
Removing unnecessary elements helps readers focus on the information that matters.
Final reflection
Choosing the right chart is not only about visual preference. It is about helping readers interpret information quickly and accurately. When charts match the message they communicate, complex data becomes accessible and meaningful.
Frequently Asked Questions – Choosing the right chart for data
Why is choosing the right chart important?
The chart type determines how easily readers understand the information. A poorly chosen chart can make data appear confusing.
What chart is best for comparisons?
Bar charts are usually the most effective way to compare values between categories.
When should line charts be used?
Line charts are ideal for showing trends or changes over time.
Are pie charts still useful?
Pie charts can work well for simple proportions but become difficult to read when too many segments are included.